According to Manuel Moñino, President of the Scientific Committee of the “5 a Day” Association
They also reinforce messages promoting the daily consumption of whole fruits and vegetables in their original form, whole grains, and the appropriate selection of healthy protein sources such as fish, legumes, meat and eggs. Other recommendations highlight the choice of healthy fats, such as olive oil, and the reduction of added sugars, particularly in sugar-sweetened beverages.
However, some of the recommendations have sparked controversy among health professionals. The Academy of Nutrition and Dietetics has issued a statement expressing concern about the inclusion of margarine, animal fats (such as beef tallow) and whole dairy products as suitable options, given that these are dietary sources of saturated fats. This position contrasts with the long-standing recommendation that saturated fats should account for no more than 10% of total energy intake.
The guidelines also advise avoiding additives such as colourings and sweeteners, despite the fact that scientific evidence regarding their harmful effects on health remains inconclusive and that regulatory agencies consider them safe. Nevertheless, the recommendation to reduce the consumption of highly processed foods would, in practice, significantly lower intake of these substances — which, while considered safe, still generate concern among consumers.
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Beyond the controversy, the new guidelines omit aspects that are currently central to food systems and promoted by FAO, namely the integration of sustainability into official dietary recommendations. The lack of stronger guidance on limiting alcohol consumption is also notable, as it is reduced to a vague suggestion to “drink less” and is not explicitly mentioned in the section addressing dietary patterns during adolescence. There is also an absence of references to the country’s cultural diversity and to food insecurity affecting vulnerable groups, as well as a lack of recommendations related to active and healthy lifestyles.
Dietary guidelines play a key role in shaping public policies aimed at improving food environments and reducing the incidence of chronic diseases. It remains to be seen how U.S. society will respond, but it is clear that the focus is firmly on reducing the consumption of highly processed foods and returning to fresh products. In our context, this approach translates into a healthy and sustainable Mediterranean diet, rich in fresh, whole and seasonal fruits and vegetables .
