Brazil has significantly increased its orange juice exports to Spain, intensifying pressure on the Spanish citrus sector, particularly in Castellón. According to Eurostat data, Spain imported 40,025 tonnes of Brazilian orange juice between September and November 2025—five times more than in the same period of 2024, when imports stood at around 7,100 tonnes.
These months are critical for the Castellón citrus campaign, as they coincide with the commercialisation of clemenules, the region’s main variety. A substantial share of the harvest depends on both the fresh market and the processing industry, making price stability essential for the sector.
Mercosur agreement adds further pressure
The situation has raised concerns among growers following the entry into force on 1 May of the EU-Mercosur interim trade agreement. The gradual reduction of tariffs and the absence of import quotas for Brazilian juice over the next eight to ten years could further accelerate this trend.
Brazil, the world’s leading producer and exporter of orange juice and concentrates, is already increasing its presence in the Spanish market. Farmers’ organisations warn that this could lead to downward pressure on prices for fruit destined for processing, threatening the profitability of around 100,000 tonnes of citrus production—approximately 20% of the total in Castellón.
Growing imports and economic impact
On an annual basis, Spain imported just over 17,500 tonnes of Brazilian orange juice in 2024. This figure tripled in 2025, surpassing 54,000 tonnes, according to Eurostat.
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The increase in imports is generating uncertainty for the sector. La Unió Llauradora has warned that a surge in Brazilian juice could significantly reduce prices, jeopardising the viability of citrus destined for industrial use.
In Castellón alone, the potential economic impact has been estimated at €23 million. The organisation notes that harvesting this portion of the crop would no longer be viable if prices fall below €0.20 per kilogram for fruit destined for processing.
Uncertainty over the future of the sector
The citrus sector is closely monitoring the medium- and long-term effects of the EU-Mercosur agreement, which includes Brazil, Argentina, Paraguay and Uruguay. Producers fear that increased competition could make it more difficult to maintain profitability, cover production costs and sustain employment levels in the sector.
As imports continue to rise, the balance between market access and the protection of local production remains a key concern for Spanish citrus growers.
