The escalation of tensions in Iran and the wider Middle East could have knock-on effects on fertiliser production in Spain, according to the National Association of Fertiliser Manufacturers (ANFFE). The organisation has warned that if disruptions to global trade routes persist, some production facilities may be forced to shut down, putting fertiliser supply for the upcoming planting season at risk.
ANFFE noted that Spanish manufacturers are making “significant efforts” to maintain production and continue supplying farmers, despite facing elevated energy and raw material costs.
However, the association cautioned that a prolonged or worsening situation could intensify the impact on the sector. Continued disruptions to key maritime routes could affect industrial activity, potentially leading to the closure of some production plants and undermining the availability of fertilisers.
Global supply chain under pressure
The fertiliser sector stressed that ensuring farmers’ access to inputs is “essential” to maintain stable and competitive agricultural production over the long term. In this context, ANFFE called for stronger support measures for both farmers and the fertiliser industry to enhance resilience.
According to the International Fertilizer Association (IFA), approximately 18.5 million tonnes of urea were exported through the Strait of Hormuz in 2024—a key trade corridor that is currently facing severe disruption.
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The Gulf region—including Iran, Qatar, Saudi Arabia, the United Arab Emirates and Bahrain—accounts for a significant share of global fertiliser trade: 23% of ammonia, 34% of urea and 18% of ammonium phosphates. In addition, around half of global sulphur trade—an essential raw material for phosphate fertilisers—passes through this route.
Indirect exposure for Spain
Although Spain has imported relatively little urea directly from Gulf countries in recent years, ANFFE highlighted that fertiliser markets are global in nature. As a result, even short-term supply disruptions can quickly ripple through international markets, affecting availability and driving up costs.
“The conflict in the Middle East has further worsened an already challenging situation for the European fertiliser industry, which is operating under some of the highest energy prices globally,” the association stated.
